including King Edward I’s edict compelling the Jews to leave England (1290) and the Jewish expulsion from Spain in 1492.
Tithe of animals
New Year for Animal Tithes (Taxes) 1 Elul
This commemoration is no longer observed. This day was set up by the Mishna as the New Year for animal tithes, which is somewhat equivalent to a new year for taxes. (This notion is similar to the tax deadline in the United States of America on April 15.)
Rosh Chodesh the New Month
Main article: Rosh Chodesh
The first day of each month and the thirtieth day of the preceding month, if it has thirty days, is (in modern times) a minor holiday known as Rosh Chodesh (head of the month). The one exception is the month of Tishrei, whose beginning is a major holiday, Rosh Hashanah. There are also special prayers said upon observing the new Moon for the first time each month.
Shabbat The Sabbath
Main article: Shabbat
Jewish law accords Shabbat the status of a holiday, a day of rest celebrated on the seventh day of each week. Jewish law defines a day as ending at nightfall, which is when the next day then begins. Thus, Shabbat begins at sundown Friday night, and ends at nightfall Saturday night.
In many ways halakha (Jewish law) gives Shabbat the status of being the most important holy day in the Jewish calendar.
It is the first holiday mentioned in the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible), and God was the first one to observe it.
The liturgy treats Shabbat as a bride and queen.
The Torah reading on Shabbat has more sections of parshiot (Torah readings) than on Yom Kippur, the most of any Jewish holiday.
There is a tradition that the Messiah will come if every Jew observes Shabbat perfectly twice in a row.