to remain grounded in the discussion. A much more in depth description is provided in “The Life Extension Pathway, Resveratrol, etc. and Cancer Control: Mitochondrial Biogenesis Duality, the Metabolic Mechanism and Practical Applications,” which can be found via search engine under ‘Bambeck Wolfson Life Extension.
Caloric restriction (CR) is the ‘gold standard’ of life extension. CR activates AMPK to inhibit TOR and the rest of the control elements in this pathway, all the way back to AMPK. Put simply, an upward arrow next to AMPK results in a downward arrow next to everything else. Got that notepad? Install arrows, now. Conversely, inhibition of AMPK shortens life, and all the arrows point in the opposite direction. Quite simple, isn’t it? Well, yes and no, because the devil is in the details, and each component can be activated individually or in combination. So keep that notepad at the ready. For instance, there are pharmaceuticals, such as metformin and rapamycin, nutriceuticals such as resveratrol, and hormones like growth hormone and thyroxine, which can act singly or in combination
on different parts of the pathway to either mimic or contradict CR. Among other things, this pathway controls the building (neogenesis) and efficiency (regenesis) of the mitochondrion, the major oxygen using fuel burning unit in all animal cells. The mitochondrion sits between PGC-1alpha and ROS. Cancer cells suffer from mutational derangements that alter non-oxygen fuel burning in a process we call forced hyper-glycolysis. New medicines are being found which disrupt these derangements, and yield beneficial outcomes. So, as you can see, on the one hand it is quite simple, but on the other hand it can get a little