Philosophy Of Religion: Main Topics

intrinsic value and fundamental importance.’ It can be divided into four kinds: prayer, conversion, mysticism, and near-death experiences. Feeling the presence of God and receiving answers to prayer is a kind of religious experience. Conviction and insight are part of the experience of religious conversation which clearly manifests itself in a change of life. One other important kind of religious experience is mysticism in which one seems to have a direct intuition of reality. Some people who have experienced the near death tell of some supernatural experiences that they had when they were near death. Experience of either light or a dark tunnel feature much in such accounts. All such experiences have been attempted to be explained physiologically or psychologically. Philosophy acknowledges the fact that these experiences cannot be challenged by those who have not experienced them; however, it still remains to trace the logical implications of any beliefs connected with such experiences and to establish whether there exists any other source of knowledge apart from reason or empirical experience.

4. Religious Language

Religious language refers to the nature of the language used when talking about God and supernatural things. Some believe that language is equivocal and that it cannot be used to speak about God, who can only be spoken about via negative, i.e., by means of negation. Others believe that words that refer to God and humanity mean the same thing. There are also those who stress the analogical aspect of religious language, according to whom language in religious discourse is analogous to language in secular discourse. However, logical positivists like A. J. Ayer and Rudolph Carnap have argued that all

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