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claims that some types of events will be extremely improbable, even though not impossible.

PROBABILITY is why large-scale events have thermodynamic irreversibility, and is the basis for the directionality of time that is accepted by scientists and nonscientists, with time running “forward” when events occur in ways that are more probable.  If we made a molecular movie of the color-spreading process and ran it backward, every individual collision between molecules would obey the laws of physics, but the overall process would disobey the Second Law and it would appear to be running backward in time, in a strange un-natural way.

Why? Most actual processes occur in the way we expect because a time-reversed process, violating the Second Law, would be extremely improbable so time-reversal does not occur naturally.  Things that are possible on a small scale become practically impossible on a large scale.  Scientists cannot prove that a reversal of color spreading is impossible, but they can show that betting against it is an extremely good way to bet, and you will always be correct.
Using similar principles of probability, scientists can show that unfamiliar small-scale behaviors produce familiar medium-scale behaviors and familiar large-scale behaviors.  Scientists cannot prove this, but can show that it’s an extremely good way to bet.

 

Authoris assistant professor in physics.

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